What is URL Encoder?
URL encoding (also called percent-encoding) converts characters that are not allowed or have special meaning in URLs into a safe representation: a percent sign followed by two hexadecimal digits representing the character's UTF-8 byte value. Spaces become %20 (or + in query strings), ampersands become %26, and the equals sign becomes %3D. This is essential when building URLs dynamically — for example, a search query containing an ampersand would be misinterpreted as a query string separator if not encoded. RFC 3986 defines which characters are "unreserved" (letters, digits, -, _, ., ~) and can appear literally in a URL, and which must be percent-encoded.